Time: 0:00
Test a custom input to verify an edge case (e.g. empty lists, negative numbers, duplicates).
This bug belongs to the mutation and copying bugs pattern
Assignment does not copy, a shallow copy still shares its contents, and mutating methods return None.
What went wrong: text.upper() creates a new uppercase string, but the code does not keep it. text itself never changes.
The fix: return text.upper()
Remember: string methods like upper(), strip() and replace() return a new string. Keep the result.
The pattern behind it: mutation and copying bugs.
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