Time: 0:00
Test a custom input to verify an edge case (e.g. empty lists, negative numbers, duplicates).
This bug belongs to the logic errors pattern
The wrong operator, an inverted condition, a formula the right way round but backwards.
What went wrong: The compiler-generated default copy constructor performs a shallow memberwise copy of pointers. v1.val and v2.val point to the same memory address, mutating both and causing double-free on destruction.
The fix: Implement a custom copy constructor that allocates a new int and copies the dereferenced value: ValueHolder(const ValueHolder& other) : val(new int(*other.val)) {}.
Remember: Follow the Rule of Three/Five: if a class manages a raw resource with a custom destructor, define custom copy and move operations.
The pattern behind it: logic errors.
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